Case study

Short term solutions

Minimise water use in toilet. Do not mix black and grey water. Waste from the toilet should be collected in a septic tank. Liquid portion should be drained out of the septic tank and sludge should be used as manure after mixing with cattle dung and other agricultural wastes.

Local people should be educated and motivated to discontinue the use of open toilets and make public toilets and wastes from the toilets should be used as manure. Rainwater should be collected in a big pond and due to evaporation and infiltration water in wells and springs will be increased.

In order to improve personal hygiene and awareness various activities should be launched. While doing aforesaid activities public should be involved in order to solve technical and financial problems.

Long term solutions

• There should be a cordial relationship between the donor agency and local people.
• Local authority should study and produce a report on industrial pollution and bring co-ordination between donor agencies.
• On the basis of social values and acceptance, problems of majority of the people should be articulated to the donor agencies.

• Immediately provide trench facilities and teach the villagers to use it. Inform the villagers about the health-hazard and inconvenient situation of open defecation and promote them to stop using that.;
• Investigate in the community whether they want private or communal latrines (toilets). If they prefer both then emphasise on communal latrines as an effective alternative solution of shitting fields;
• If possible, motivate the villagers to construct two separate septic tanks which can be operated alternatively such that while using one tank, the another full of tank will be converting to valuable organic manure;
• Contact the authority of the hotel and dairy factory and tell them to make a provision of treated effluent to be discharged;
• Clean and improve the drinking water quality by chlorinating etc. immediately and find out the sources of drinking water;
• Protect the drinking water sources from the direct pollution sources like wastewater , solid wastes etc.;
• Form clean up parties and motivate people to protect the water resource;
• Make people aware by the following facts:

- polluter pays

- waste is our valuable manure

- money does not stink

• Collect animal dung for making manure and let people do that work by convincing them.

• Make separate sewerage lines for storm water, grey water and black water;
• After constructing three ponds for treatment, plant reed or amliso in one of them;
• Storm water should be collected in a pond at the outskirts of the village and be used that for recharging ground water;
• Drinking water should be treated by filtration;
• Collect fee every month from all those who have benefited from the treatment plant;
• For treating grey water make biological treatment plant, sedimentation, oxidation etc. ;
• For enough drinking water supply, campaigns should be launched to protect the sources;
• Black water should be used to make manure;
• Clean up parties should be executed for long term;
• Fee collection process should be transparent;
• Overall research of drinking water, rain water and wastewater should be continued;

3. Participants from Panga

This is a very beautiful place. Shitting fields are the main problems of this community. Open toilet has badly affected this community because there is a Top View Hotel where tourists stay. Community should be kept neat and clean in order to impress tourists. Since most of the people are farmers they badly need manure. Another problem of this place is the need of repair of drainage of rainwater.

First thing that we need to do to solve the problem of this community is to bring awareness in local people. People should be educated about grey water and black water and that this should be kept separate. People should be educated about the importance of appropriate toilets and the black water which can be used as manure and fertiliser so that black water and grey water do not mix with each other. Grey water can be treated by making two ponds and planting reed. In this village stormwater drainage should be properly maintained. People can also collect donation and maintain. For solving the problem of dairy factory effluent local people should be united and raise tax from the factory. As a result, wastewater generation will be less.

Polluter pays system can be implemented. Since there are sources of water and several wells ponds should be cleaned and water should be collected so that water does not dry in the wells.

Regarding large scale solutions: due to the lack of private toilets, public toilets should be constructed in different places. A manure enterprise can be developed here. Since this community has a population of 5000 and 80% of them are farmers the people will benefit from the manure industry. Raw materials needed for the industry can be obtained from wastes generated in the community. This helps in keeping the village clean and people will be affected too. For tourism also this place should be cleaned.

4. Participants from Sidhipur

The village is 20 km far to the East. It has got a population of 5000 and 1000 households. 80% of the people are farmers. There is a Top View Hotel with 30 beds and flush toilets. There is a lot of arable land and people have 200 cows and there is also a dairy factory. People do not have latrines.

The problems of the village can be solved in two ways.

• For defecation, temporary pit should be used;
• The waste from the pits can be mixed with dung and other agricultural wastes for composting and use in agricultural fields;
• Grey water should be collected in a pit and treated or treated in a pond after collection through drainage pipe;
• Stormwater should be collected in ponds in order to recharge groundwater;
• Community should be motivated to clean the environment;
• Dung should be collected and composted in order to use in the fields so that it increases the fertility;
• Dairy factory effluent should be treated by collecting in a pond;
• Private appropriate toilets should be made;
• Peoples' participation in development works;
• Responsibility of operation and maintenance should be taken by the local people;
• The wastes from the toilets should be mixed with animal dung and other agricultural waste to make a compost;
• Composting for those also who do not have agricultural land;
• Dairy factory.